Energy
Return to Common Sense
November 27, 2017
Section: Domestic
– Energy
“The
obstacles to rational power generation in this country are political, not
scientific or technical, so it is time to prioritize energy independence ahead of dubious and unaffordable environmental
junk science to increase our petroleum
supplies exploiting our extensive oil reserves and building new nuclear plants.”
“The best answer,
while conservation is worthy in itself, is to try to make us independent of
outside sources to the greatest extent possible for our energy.” Ronald Reagan.
Philosophy
(Background, Issues, Objectives):
Government oversees energy supply and
demand.
- Department of
Energy, created in 1974, oversees US energy supply and demand.
o
Energy Security.
o
Nuclear security.
o
Scientific Discovery and innovation.
o
Environmental Responsibility.
o
Management Excellence.
- Eleven
government departments and agencies operate a total
of 94 programs to
encourage clean energy projects and research in private sector buildings.
- The
Department of Energy runs six separate programs to research ways to make
commercial and residential programs more energy-efficient.
- The Defense
Department operates its own program called the Environmental Security
Technology Certification Program to research and develop military-related
environmentally-friendly technologies.
- In all, 83
of these programs target energy conservation in some way, 60 focus on
indoor air quality, and 51 encourage water conservation.
- Regulatory and
environmental policy restrictions limited energy exploration and refining
ability.
- Energy
consumption is expected to increase more rapidly than domestic energy supply through 2025.
Energy production has a number of
sources, each with its own infrastructure requirements.
- Until 1974 the United States was both the
world’s biggest consumer and producer of crude oil.
o
In
2010, the U.S. produces about half the oil it did in 1971.
- Approximately
6-8 trillion barrels each of conventional and unconventional oil resources
exist.
o
Globe has consumed only one in a grand total of 12
to 16 trillion barrels underground.
o
Industry recovers an average of only 1 out of 3
barrels of conventional resources underground.
§
A 10% gain in extraction efficiency on a global
scale will unlock 1.2 to 1.6 trillion barrels of extra resource – an
additional 50 year supply at current consumption rates.
o
Unconventional sources include shale oil, tar
sands, extra heavy oil.
§ There are about 3 trillion barrels of oil equivalent in the
shale formations in the western U.S., about equal to the entire world’s
proven oil reserves.
§
Shale gas has been found mostly on private and
state land.
§ Shale oil, on the other hand, has been found on federal land,
requiring laborious federal permit applications.
o
Industry recovers much less than 1 out of 3 barrels
of unconventional resources.
o
The
untapped reserves are estimated up to 2.3 Trillion barrels, nearly three times
the reserves held by the OPEC countries and sufficient to meet 300 years of
demand, at today's levels -- for auto, truck, aircraft, heating and industrial
fuel, without importing a single barrel of oil.
§
The
Bakken Fields in North and South Dakota - New
drilling and oil recovery technology is making the capture of this oil feasible
and some development is now underway. It is estimated that there is at
least 200 Billion barrels of oil in this region. At a price of $100 per
barrel the value of this find is $20 Trillion.
§
The
Outer Continental shelf - It is estimated that
around 90 billion barrels of oil sit beneath the ocean bed 50 to 100 miles off
the shore of the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf coasts. The value: $9
Trillion.
§
The
Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) -About 10 billion barrels are locked up
here with a current value of $1 Trillion.
§
Tar
Sands - Around 75 Billion barrels of oil could come from these areas which
are similar to the Canadian tar sand fields and which now produce about 2
million barrels per day. The value: $7.5 Trillion
§
Oil
Shale - This is the most massive area of potential oil production in the
world with an estimated 1.5 Trillion barrel potential. The technology
necessary to extract this oil is now in place and being operated on a pilot
project basis. The value of this resource: $150 Trillion
- Oil remains the biggest source of U.S. energy today (40%).
o
Most of our oil is imported from the Middle East
and the rest of OPEC (25%).
§
In 2009 the U.S. imported 9,667,000 barrels per day
(51% of oil consumed).
§
Iran’s exports of oil could dry up by 2015.
§
Mexico’s oil production peaked in 2004 and
now is declining by 14% a year.
§
Russia’s oil production is increasing, but
may be re-nationalized.
§
Venezuela oil production has been decreasing since
2001.
o
Domestic United States oil supplies about 40% of
our energy.
§
In 2009 domestic production fell to 1.95 billion
barrels per day.
§
Untapped U.S. reserves (oil shale, off shore, ANWR)
are not being exploited due to federal environmental restrictions.
§
Majority of US offshore drilling is in central and
western Gulf of Mexico.
Ø
3,200 of the roughly 3,700 offshore production
platforms are in the Gulf of Mexico.
Ø
These oil production platforms off the Bayou
state's coasts extracts 80% of the oil and 72% of the natural gas produced in
the Continental U.S., without causing a single major oil spill in over half a
century of this process.
Ø
Most of US refineries are in the Gulf Region also.
o
EPA regulatory and environmental policy restricts
the building of additional refineries.
o
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR was
established in 1975 as a political tool to soften supply shocks.
§
Since private inventories and reserves are
available, the free market is more effective at responding to supply and price
signals.
- Despite environmental restriction coal still provides 23% of U.S. energy.
o
Environmental improvements have been made in coal
fired plant pollution control.
o
Coal-Directed Chemical Loopback (CCDL) technology
captures more than 99% of coal’s carbon dioxide emissions, virtually
eliminating pollutants.
- Natural gas has become economically attractive and provides 22% of U.S.
energy.
o
A Gas OPEC-like cartel, composed of non-democratic
nations, is emerging.
- Aging nuclear plants provide 8.5% of U.S. energy, in 2011.
o
Since the introduction of nuclear plants, there have been only four serious malfunctions globally:
§
In 1959 in Simi Valley,
California, a liquid sodium cooled reactor suffered a partial meltdown.
§
In 1979 in Three Mile
Island, Pennsylvania, a partial meltdown occurred.
§
In 1986 in Chernobyl,
Ukraine, a light water graphite reacor suffered a fire
generating a destructive steam explosion expelling plumes of fission products into
the atmosphere.
§
In 2011 in Fukushima Daichi, Japan, was flooded by tsunami causing reactors
to shutdown without sufficient cooling to avert three nuclear meltdowns.
o
The United States has not licensed a
nuclear project since 1976.
§
The Tennessee Valley Authority completed two
reactors in the last six years using licenses originally issued in the 1970s.
§
Other major nuclear projects have been abandoned
out of despair of ever gaining NRC approval.
o
Inventive engineers have adapted the small modular
reactors we use in our submarines since the 1950s into commercial designs.
o
Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors
(LFTR) may offer a safer design for future reactors.
§
An experimental LFTR was built was successfully
operated from 1965 to 1969.
§
Thorium is three times more abundant than Uranium.
§
The LFTR design has proven to be self-correcting.
§
LFTR waste products do not require long-term
storage, only needing 300 years to become inert.
- Nuclear reactors have been successfully generating electricity in
many countries.
o
South Korea started building reactors in the 1990s,
and now are the world’s leading provider of this technology.
o
France has 59 reactors and gets 75% of its electricity
from splitting the atom, and have an excellent record
of nuclear safety.
o
Japan got 33% of its electric power from nuclear
and was one of the most advanced countries in developing the technology.
o
Russia now gets 17% of their electricity from
nuclear and plan to raise it to 25% by 2030 with the construction of 38 new
reactors.
o
China has 27 reactors under construction with
dozens more in the planning stage, and decided to commercialize the first
Integral Fast Breeder Reactor that burns any kind of nuclear fuel, eliminating
nuclear waste problem.
o
Finland has implemented a comprehensive energy
policy for nuclear energy use.
- In 2011 the United States derived about 1.7% of its energy from new
renewable conversions:
o
Hydroelectric energy production provides
4.2% of our energy, in 2011.
o
Biomass, including ethanol, provides 2.9% of
energy.
o
Renewable energy sources (solar, wind, geothermal,
ocean waves) generate less than 1% of energy.
o
Most of the best energy producing wind power areas are located far from population centers, requiring energy
transport infrastructure.
- Government subsidies distort the real total cost of energy sources:
o
The
direct cost of energy subsidies to taxpayers is $18.6 billion per year.
o
Solar
energy at $24.34 per megawatt-hour (MWh)
o
Wind
power at $23.37 per MWh.
o
Ethanol
and biofuels at $5.72 per MWh.
o
Nuclear
power at $1.59 per MWh.
o
Hydroelectricity
at $.67 per MWh.
o
Coal
power at $.44 per MWh.
o
Gas
and petroleum liquids at $.03 per MWh
o Subsidies are provided by the federal
government, provide a financial
benefit with an identifiable federal budget impact, and are specifically
targeted at energy market segments, and include:
§
Subsidies
can take on various forms: direct payments, mandates, loan guarantees, and tax
gimmicks.
§
Direct cash outlays to producers and
consumers;
§
“Tax
expenditures that reduce the tax liability of firms or individuals who take
specified actions that affect energy production”;
§
Research and development expenditures to
increase or improve the “efficiency
of various energy consumption, production, transformation, and end-use
technologies”;
§
Loans and loan guarantees for certain
energy technologies; and
§
Expenditures for electricity programs for
consumers in certain geographic regions of the country.
- There is a lot
of interest but little investment in new emerging technologies (hydrogen).
- U.S. electric power, in particular, is generated by a variety of
sources (2006):
o
Coal – 34%.
o
Natural Gas – 30%.
o
Nuclear – 20%.
o
Hydroelectric – 7%.
o
Wind – 4.9%
o
Solar – 0.6%.
o
Petroleum – 1.6%.
o
Other gases - .4%.
Nuclear energy is a viable long term
source of energy
- Nuclear Waste
Policy Act of 1982 has been ineffective and will not support expanded use.
o
Federal government assumed responsibility of
disposing of spent nuclear fuel.
o
Government policies have discouraged the resumption
of nuclear reprocessing efforts.
o
New plants would have to be in areas that are not
currently linked with high-voltage (HV) transmission lines to major consumption
centers and will require a rewiring of the country.
- A majority of
Americans have been supportive of the use of nuclear energy in the United
States.
o
Gallup found 59% of Americans favor use of nuclear
energy, with 27% strongly favoring.
o
Despite no safety issues in several decades, there
remain concerns about safety of nuclear power plants.
- Small modular reactors (SMRs) may offer key
competitive advantage.
o
In
terms of safety, SMRs are much easier to handle since temperatures do not reach
the same level so there is minimal chance of overheating.
o
SMRs
do not require huge containment structures, and some are being designed with a
built-in containment.
o
Modular
reactors can actually be buried, which more or less eliminates the possibility
that even the worst-case accident could have any serious widespread
consequences.
o
Modular
units can be built at the factory and then shipped to the site by rail for
final assembly, a huge cost saving.
o
SMRs
can be added in small increments, and reactors in the 50-to-150-megawatt range
will allow utilities to add power as needed at acceptable costs.
o
The
construction of modular reactors presents the possibility that smaller nuclear
"batteries" can be distributed across the electric grid, tucked into
factories and urban locations, so that transmission
costs can be minimized and efficient co-generation uses designed.
o
Since
the steam can be captured and routed to heating or industrial purposes, SMR
energy use can become almost twice as efficient.
- Molten Salt Reactors (MSR) is renewable
green nuclear technology.
o
Initially
MSR was developed as a means to power aircraft due to compact size and relative
safety.
o
MSR
has no nuclear core or control rods and water is not needed to cool them in an
emergency.
o
Decommissioned
nuclear warheads may be used as fuel, providing ability to recycle stockpile of
spent nuclear fuel.
o
When
electrical demand is low, and MSR can shift gears to
cost-effective electrolysis of water producing a green and renewable fuel:
hydrogen.
- Nuclear fusion
technology experiments are showing promise.
Renewable Energy sources are not economically
viable with today’s technology.
- Spain found that for every "green
job" created by the wind industry killed off 4.27 other jobs
elsewhere in the Spanish economy.
- Denmark found that “no wind energy to
speak of would exist if it had to compete on market terms.”
- It would take a wind farm more than 475
square miles in size to generate the same amount of electrical power and a
1000 megawatt nuclear plant.
- An area the size of Texas covered with
windmills running 24 hours a day to generate enough power to meet the 2005
U.S. electricity needs.
- It would take every drop of rainfall in
Ontario sitting behind a dam 200 feet high to provide 80% of the power
supplied by that country’s 25 nuclear power plants.
- The entire state of Connecticut would have
to be covered with solar cells and associated retrieval and transport
structures just o provide power to New York City.
Ethanol is being oversold as an energy
“silver bullet” solution that will not live up to expectations.
- Ethanol costs more to produce than gasoline, before the subsidies.
- Studies show amount of energy ethanol delivers are about the same
as the amount to produce.
- Unintended consequence of ethanol is increasing cost of global food
supplies.
- Since ethanol
degrades, it must be moved at high energy costs.
- Use of corn to
product ethanol is not efficient as other sources, and competes with
feedstock.
Energy is consumed for transportation,
residential, commercial, and industry needs.
- Current daily
global consumption stands at around 86 million barrels.
o
In 2009 the U.S. consumed 18.77 million barrels of
oil per day.
o
In 2009 the U.S. consumed 8,997,000 barrels per day
of gasoline.
- Transportation
uses 25% of all energy produced.
o
97% of all transport in the U.S. is provided by a
petroleum product, either gas or diesel.
- Residential and
commercial use 24% of energy.
- Industry uses
21% of energy.
- 6% of oil/gas
energy output (oil/gas) is used for non energy purposes (plastics,
fertilizers, etc.).
- 21% of energy
input is lost during conversion to useful forms.
Obama’s and green-energy supporters’ foray into venture
capitalism ($13.6 billion) has not gone well, with many companies faltering
soon after accepting federal funding (*denotes companies that have filed for
bankruptcy):
- Brightsource ($1.6 billion)
- First Solar ($1.46
billion)
- SunPower ($1.2 billion)
- Solyndra ($535 million)*
- Fisker Automotive ($529 million)
- Abound Solar ($400
million)*
- Johnson Controls ($299
million)
- A123 Systems ($279
million)*
- Babcock and Brown ($178
million)
- LG Chem’s
subsidiary Compact Power ($151 million)
- ECOtality ($126.2 million)
- EnerDel’s subsidiary Ener1 ($118.5 million)*
- Mascoma Corp. ($100 million)
- Nevada Geothermal ($98.5
million)
- Range Fuels ($80
million)*
- Vestas ($50 million)
- Beacon Power ($43 million)*
- Navistar ($39 million)
- Raser Technologies ($33
million)*
- Evergreen Solar ($25 million)*
- Konarka Technologies Inc. ($20
million)*
- Nordic Windpower
($16 million)*
- Energy Conversion Devices ($13.3 million)*
- Olsen’s Crop Service and
Olsen’s Mills Acquisition Company ($10 million)*
- Stirling Energy Systems ($7
million)*
- Thompson River Power ($6.5 million)*
- Amonix ($5.9 million)
- Azure Dynamics ($5.4 million)*
- Satcon ($3 million)*
- Mountain Plaza, Inc. ($2 million)*
- Willard and Kelsey Solar Group ($700,981)*
- SpectraWatt ($500,000)*
- GreenVolts ($500,000)
Principles:
Availability of energy at reasonable
rates is critical to economic growth and stability.
Energy policy balance:
- Avoid costly
environmental regulatory mandates that will achieve little environmental
gain.
- Rely on the
private sector’s research and development capabilities.
- Urge government
agencies to learn from the private sector.
- Make all sources
of energy within the U.S. borders accessible.
- Remove
artificial constraints on the domestic energy infrastructure, including
severe environmental regulations.
- Ensure that any
effort to reduce reliance on foreign oil is grounded in policies that are
best for the economy.
- Manage risks to
critical energy infrastructure as a responsibility shared jointly by the
government and the private sector,
- Establish
effective risk communications for energy issues.
- Develop foreign
policies that thwart the capability of coercive regimens to employ energy
supplies as an economic weapon.
- Sustain access
to the global marketplace.
- Discourage
restrictive international regimes.
- Recognize that
not all trading partners are equal.
Nuclear Power Principles
- Avoid creating
dependency-based vulnerability.
- Establish
technological leadership across the spectrum of military, civilian, and
commercial nuclear activities.
- Assure access to
the components, capabilities, and materials necessary to build, operate,
and maintain America’s nuclear power plants.
- Promote free
trade as a central tenet of the global nuclear industry.
- Limit subsidies
to the commercial nuclear industry.
- Recognize nuclear
power as a clean and abundant energy source.
- Move beyond a
Yucca-only approach to spent nuclear fuel.
- Recognize that
nuclear weapons are not the result of peaceful nuclear energy programs.
- Modify
international nuclear regimes to better manage a global nuclear
renaissance.
- Pursue nuclear
power programs that make the U.S. government work better.
Recommendations:
Short
Term, Develop Comprehensive Energy Policy
to allow free market to govern energy production and use.
Reduce Department of Energy budget to support
only the core mission:
- Eliminate the
Applied Research Programs as better performed by private industry (saving
$4.03 billion).
- Reduce the
Office of Science budget reducing basic research subsidies by $1.59
billion.
- Cut the Advanced
Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E) by $350 million.
- Eliminate the
Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) subsidies, saving $85 million.
- Eliminate
Department of Energy Loans and Loan Guarantees.
- Transfer the defense-related activities to
the Department of Defense ($19B annually).
Withdraw
the U.S. from the U.N. Agenda 21, freeing up U.S. land for resource
development.
- Overhaul Department of Interior processes to expedite approval of
leases for natural resource harvesting.
- Require any
commercial exploitation include requirement to return habitat to original
state.
Open federal land to tightly controlled natural resource
harvesting.
- Require any commercial
exploitation include requirement to return lands to original state.
- Revisit lands
designated under Antiquities Act for applicability vs. abuse.
Eliminate all government subsidies on energy sources.
- Strive for energy
independence, reducing domestic usage and foreign energy
imports.
·
Promote fuel diversity to allow free market, not
government regulation, to determine energy winners and losers.
- Set energy
transition to alternative sources expectations in terms of decades.
Remove regulatory barriers to energy
production, storage, and exploitation.
- Revoke BLM
hydraulic fracturing (fracking) regulations.
- Exclude carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases from the EPA purview.
o
Remission EPA as economically driven
Environmental Solutions Agency.
- Reject calls to
drastically reduce air emissions, which would suppress needed energy
production.
Increase domestic energy supplies to lesson
US dependence on imports and vulnerability to supply disruptions.
- Expand energy production by removing regulatory barriers:
o
Employ federal funds to accelerate the development
and deployment of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques.
o
Remove limitations to access to
untapped domestic oil/gas energy production in the Outer Continental Shelf
(OCS).
§
Give coastal states federal royalty revenue
sharing.
o
Remove limitations to access to
untapped domestic oil/gas energy production in ANWR.
o
Exploit oil shale deposits in American
West including National Parks.
o
Reduce regulatory and environmental
restrictions to allow new production and new refineries to be built.
o
Develop and expand clean coal technologies,
including carbon sequestration, gasification, and conversion to liquid fuels.
- Sell off Strategic Petroleum Reserve ($169M).
- Fast track new, safer nuclear power plants.
o
Streamline the permitting schedule from four years
down to two or less and should be available for up to two construction permits
per reactor design.
o
Amend the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of
1982 to encourage development of a market-based management system for used
nuclear fuel.
§
Expand the Yucca Mountain spent fuel repository to
a rational, market based approach.
§
Encourage commercial reprocessing and recycling of
spent nuclear fuel.
§
Create a Market for Waste Management Services to
extract the Federal Government from direct participation in energy management.
o
Explore small modular reactors (SMRs) and provide consistent
system for permitting this advanced technology with minimum paperwork and
minimum regulatory costs.
o
Explore Molten Salt Reactors (MSR)
technology for true renewable green nuclear energy.
Decrease energy usage with increased
conservation and efficiency will complement increased production.
- Reduce energy
loss from leakage, co-generation, and unneeded emission control.
- Significantly
strengthen fuel efficiency standards for vehicles, construction, and
appliances.
- Fund significant
financial incentives for domestic production and purchase of highly fuel
efficient vehicles.
Invest judiciously in emerging energy
technologies.
- Establish Open Fuel Standard to increase production of Flexible
Fuel Vehicles (FFV).
- Repeal and block unrealistic and overly burdensome biofuel mandates.
o
Repeal corn ethanol initiative as
ineffective and disruptive to the food supply.
- Invest in electric transportation alternatives as major initiative
in energy program.
o
Require dual fuel capability vehicles that use both
electric and auxiliary gasoline engine.
o
Invest in battery emerging technologies to extent
the range of electric vehicles.
- Provide grants
for commercialization of emerging energy technologies.
o
Exploit geothermal energy as a readily available,
environment friendly alternative.
Long
Term, Abolish federal Department of Energy as
not covered under enumerated powers.
- Eliminate Commercial
Deployment and Technology Development ($3.04B).
o
Eliminate
the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ($2.3B).
o
Eliminate
the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability ($113M).
o
Eliminate
the Office of Fossil Energy ($428M).
o
Eliminate
the Office of Nuclear Energy ($178M).
- Eliminate the Office of
Science ($1.42B).
o
Eliminate
the energy Frontier Research Centers ($120M).
o
Eliminate
Energy Information Hubs ($48M).
o
Eliminate
the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology
Transfer (STTR) ($121M).
o
Eliminate
the Basic Energy sciences ($287M).
o
Eliminate
Biological and Environmental Research ($456.6M).
o
Eliminate
Advanced Scientific Computing Research ($114M).
o
Eliminate
Fusion Energy Sciences ($104M).
o
Eliminate
High Energy Physics ($55M).
o
Eliminate
Nuclear Physics ($104M).
o
Eliminate
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists Program ($14.5M).
- Eliminate Advanced
Research Projects Agency ($350M).
- Eliminate the Power
Marketing Administrations ($85M).
- Abolish
the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
Privatize Tennessee Valley Authority
($8.5B).
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“Twelve
Principles to Guide U.S. Energy Policy” by Stuart M. Butler and Kim
R. Holmes dated June 26, 2007 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/bg2046.cfm .
“The
Energy Challenge” By Alan W. Dowd dated June 27, 2007 published by
Front Page Magazine at http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=28907 .
“Keeping
Our Motors Running” dated July 19, 2007 published by Investors
Business Daily at http://www.ibdeditorials.com/IBDArticles.aspx?id=269738402436372 .
“Creating
a Biomass” dated July 27, 2007 published by Investors Business Daily
at http://www.ibdeditorials.com/IBDArticles.aspx?id=270428275645833 .
“Don’t
Increase Federal Gasoline Taxes – Abolish Them” by Jerry Taylor
and Peter Van Doren dated August 7, 2007 published by
Cato Institute at http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=8629 .
“An
Energy Tax Policy for the Twenty-First Century” by Kevin A. Hassett and Gilbert E. Metcalf dated August 9, 2007
published by American Enterprise Institute at http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.26625,filter.all/pub_detail.asp .
“Just
say ‘oui’ to nuclear power” by
John Dyson and Matt Bennett dated September 16, 2007 published by Boston Globe
at http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/09/16/just_say_oui_to_nuclear_power/ .
“The
Nuclear Renaissance: Ten Principles to Guide U.S. Policy” by Jack
Spencer dated September 26, 2007 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm1640.cfm .
“Time
to Curb Oil Dependence” by E. Ralph Hostetter
dated November 7, 2007 published by News Max at http://www.newsmax.com/hostetter/oil_dependence/2007/11/07/47469.html .
“Competitive
Nuclear Energy Investment: Avoiding Past Policy Mistakes” by Jack
Spencer dated November 15, 2007 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/bg2086.cfm .
“Dispelling
Myths About Nuclear Energy” by Jack Spencer and Nicolas Loris dated
December 3, 2007 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/bg2087.cfm .
“Myths
About Breaking Our Foreign Oil Habit” by Robert Bryce dated January
13, 2008 published by Washington Post at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/10/AR2008011002452.html .
“The
Clintons’ Coal-Gate” dated January 23, 2008 published by
Investor’s Business Daily at http://www.ibdeditorials.com/IBDArticles.aspx?id=285982232964929 .
“America
is Running Out of Electricity” by Alan Caruba
dated February 10, 2008 published by American Daily at http://www.americandaily.com/article/21633 .
“The
World Has Plenty of Oil” by Nansen G. Saleri
dated March 4, 2008 published by The Wall Street Journal at http://online.wsj.com/public/article_print/SB120459389654809159.html .
“Nuclear
Waste Policy Amendments Act of 2008: Modernizing Spent Fuel Management in the
U.S.” by Jack Spencer dated March 6, 2008 published by The Heritage
Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/bg2113.cfm .
“What
Finland Can Teach Us About Power” by Jack Spencer dated March 21,
2008 published by Front Page Magazine at http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=A6DC0D72-8543-4865-962F-FEF37E6DD24A .
“Energy
2008: The Coming Economic Meltdown” by William Weronko
dated April 15, 2008 published by Intellectual Conservative at http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2008/04/15/energy-2008-the-coming-economic-meltdown/ .
“Congress
Picks a Loser” by Dana Joel Gattuso dated
April 15, 2008 published by Town Hall at http://www.townhall.com/columnists/DanaJoelGattuso/2008/04/15/congress_picks_a_loser .
“More Oil
Drilling, Please” by Deroy Murdock dated
April 18, 2008 published by National Review Online at http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=ZGQyNjU0MDE5NzIyMzU1MmUyYmQ0OTM2ZDE3MGE5YTc= .
“Nuclear
Power Critical to Meeting President’s Greenhouse Gas Objectives”
by Jack Spencer dated April 18, 2008 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=ZGQyNjU0MDE5NzIyMzU1MmUyYmQ0OTM2ZDE3MGE5YTc= .
“The
Case for Ending Ethanol Subsidies” by Diana Furchtgott-Roth
dated April 22, 2008 published by The American Magazine at http://www.american.com/archive/2008/april-04-08/the-case-for-ending-ethanol-subsidies .
“Food
Riots Made in the USA” by William Tucker dated April 28, 2008
published by The Weekly Standard at http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/015/007jlljc.asp .
“Yucca
Mountain Remains Critical to Spent Nuclear Fuel Management” by Jack
Spencer and Nicolas Loris dated May 1, 2008 published by The Heritage
Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/upload/bg_2131.pdf .
“Ethanol,
Starvation, and other Liberal Ideas” by Ross Kaminsky
dated May 5, 2008 published by Human Events Online at http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=26348 .
“The Biofuel Dilemma” by Ben Lieberman dated May 8,
2008 published by Front Page Magazine at http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=22A35729-28A1-4A02-BA8A-901AEF977E4A .
“Our
Hopeless Energy Policy” by Irwin M. Stelzer
dated May 26, 2008 published by The weekly Standard at
http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/015/114gmbqx.asp .
“A
Simple Case of Supply and Demand?” by Ruben Bryce dated June 3, 2008
published by The American Magazine at http://www.american.com/archive/2008/june-06-08/a-simple-case-of-supply-and-demand .
“Forcing
Fuel Flexibility” by Clifford D. May dated June 5, 2008 published by
National Review Online at http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MGIxMzViMDNjOWY0MTQ1Y2ViNzdiMDJlOWFlMzNhZWI= .
“Critics
of Nuclear Power’s Costs Miss the Point” by Jack Spencer and
Nick Loris dated June 18, 2008 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm1961.cfm .
“From
Coal to Fuel” by Vasko Kohlmayer
dated June 18, 2008 published by Front Page Magazine at http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=481B8538-A92A-47FC-81FB-D56217D4F6B4 .
“Environmental
Foolishness Has Made Nuclear Energy Radioactive” by Jack Spencer and
Nick Loris dated June 23, 2008 published by Front Page Magazine at http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=7CB5042E-316B-47CF-AEED-732382FD7948 .
“A
Free-Market Approach to Managing Used Nuclear Fuel” by Jack Spencer
dated June 23, 2008 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/bg2149.cfm .
“Nuclear
Energy: What We Can Learn from Other Nations” by Nicolas Loris and
Jack Spencer dated July 2, 2008 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm1977.cfm .
“Our
Electric Future” by Andy Grove dated July/August 2008 published by
The American Magazine at http://www.american.com/archive/2008/july-august-magazine-contents/our-electric-future .
“Plugging
Up the Pipeline” dated July 10, 2008 published by Investor’s
Business Daily at http://www.american.com/archive/2008/july-august-magazine-contents/america2019s-other-immigration-crisis .
“Indefensible
Biofuels” by William Yeatman
and Marlo Lewis dated July 23, 2008 published by The
American Spectator at http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=13571 .
“Going
Nuclear” by John Perazzo dated July 24,
2008 published by Front Page Magazine at http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=CB3F6F42-EF37-4FA3-A81E-129F2AD2296C .
“Energy
Policy: Let’s Not Repeat the Mistakes of the ‘70s” by Ben
Lieberman and Nicolas D. Loris dated July 28, 2008 published by The Heritage
Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm2004.cfm .
“Why Is
Our Oil Up Hurricane Alley?” dated September
12, 2008 published by Investor’s Business Daily at http://www.ibdeditorials.com/IBDArticles.aspx?id=306111737343456 .
“Time
to Fast-track New Nuclear Reactors” by Jack Spencer dated September
15, 2008 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm2062.cfm .
“Nuclear
Power Check” by Roy Innis by October 27,
2008 published by Town Hall at http://townhall.com/columnists/RoyInnis/2008/10/27/nuclear_power_check .
“What
is the Independence of Ethanol? – Or, is that Even the Right
Question?” by Bob Stapler dated November 8, 2008 published by
Intellectual Conservative at http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2008/11/08/what-is-the-energy-independence-of-ethanol-%E2%80%93-or-is-that-even-the-right-question/ .
“Rebuilding
U.S. Nuclear Industry” by Jack Spencer and Nick Loris dated November
11, 2008 published by Front Page Magazine at http://www.frontpagemagazine.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=C75FF3E1-8D4A-4749-803B-32A5A72C1842 .
“The
Global Response to a Terror-Generated Energy Crisis” by William W.
Beach, James Jay Carafano, Ariel Cohen, David W.
Kreutzer, Karen A. Campbell, and Hopper Smith dated November 10, 2008 published
by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/cda08-11.cfm .
“Moore’s
Curse and the Great Energy Delusion” by Vaclav Smil
dated November 19, 2008 published by The American Magazine at http://www.american.com/archive/2008/november-december-magazine/moore2019s-curse-and-the-great-energy-delusion .
“Measuring
and reducing Americans’ Indirect Energy Use” by Kenneth P.
Green and Aparna Mathur
dated December 4, 2008 published by American Enterprise Institute at http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.29020,filter.all/pub_detail.asp .
“Wind
Energy will be early test of Obama’s White House Staff” by
Glenn R. Schleede dated December 20, 2008 published
by American Thinker at http://www.americanthinker.com/2008/12/wind_energy_will_be_an_early_t.html .
“Don’t
Count on ‘Countless’ Green Jobs” by Max Schulz dated
February 20, 2009 published by The Wall Street Journal at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123509599682529113.html .
“Support
for Nuclear Energy Inches Up to New High” by Jeffrey M. Jones dated
March 20, 2009 published by Gallup at http://www.gallup.com/poll/117025/Support-Nuclear-Energy-Inches-New-High.aspx .
“Three
Mile Island and Chernobyl: What Went Wrong and Why Today’s Reactors Are
Safe” by Jack Spencer and Nicolas D. Loris dated March 27, 2009
published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm2367.cfm .
“If Not
Yucca, Then Where for Waste?” by Max Schulz dated March 30, 2009
published by Investor’s Business Daily at http://www.ibdeditorials.com/IBDArticles.aspx?id=323304001162411 .
“Fuel
for Thought” by Halbert Fischel
dated April 27, 2009 published by The Weekly Standard at http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/016/397txcrk.asp .
“Offshore
Oil Drilling: An Environmental Bonanza” by Humberto
Fontova dated April 28, 2009 published by American
Thinker at http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/04/offshore_oil_drilling_an_envir.html .
“Taking
the hot air out of wind power” by Chris Bell dated July 2, 2009
published by American Thinker at http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/07/taking_the_hot_air_out_of_wind.html .
“So
Much for ‘Energy Independence’” by Robert Bryce dated
July 7, 2009 published by The Wall Street Journal at http://www.heritage.org/Research/tradeandeconomicfreedom/wm2524.cfm .
“The
Green Con Job” by Dustin Chambers and Dan Ervin dated January 13,
2010 published by The American Magazine at http://www.american.com/archive/2010/january/the-green-con-job
.
“Wind Energy’s Ghosts” by Andrew Walden dated February
15, 2010 published by American Thinker at http://www.americanthinker.com/2010/02/wind_energys_ghosts_1.html
.
“The
Big Wind-Power Cover-Up” dated March 12, 2010 published by
Investor’s Business Daily at http://www.investors.com/NewsAndAnalysis/Article.aspx?id=527214
.
“Department
of Energy Proposed Spending Cuts” by Chris Edwards dated May 2010
published by Downsizing Government at http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/energy/spending-cuts
.
“Meeting
America’s Energy and Environmental Needs” dated August 17, 2010
published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/08/Meeting-America-s-Energy-and-Environmental-Needs
.
“Introducing
Market Forces into Nuclear Waste Management Policy” by Jack Spencer
dated August 31, 2010 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Testimony/Introducing-Market-Forces-into-Nuclear-Waste-Management-Policy
.
“To
save the planet and the budget, cut energy off the dole” by Jeffrey
Leonard dated January 14, 2011 published by The Washington Post at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/13/AR2011011304994.html
.
“Here
is how the ethanol subsidy is screwing Americans and corn consumers globally”
by James Quinn dated January 16, 2011 published by International Business Times
at http://www.ibtimes.com/art/services/print.php?articleid=101494
.
“Sen. Paul Proposes Serious Cuts” by
Chris Edwards dated January 31, 2011 published by Cato Institute at http://www.downsizinggovernment.org/sen-rand-paul-proposes-serious-cuts
.
“A Big
Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?” by Jack Spencer and Nicholas D.
Loris dated February 2, 2011 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2011/02/A-Big-Future-for-Small-Nuclear-Reactors.
“The
Only Way Out for the American Economy” by Steve McCann dated March 4,
2011 published by American Thinker at http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/03/the_only_way_out_for_the_ameri.html
.
“Oil
Price Shocks and the Recession of 2011?” by Ronald Bailey dated March
8, 2011 published by Reason Magazine at http://reason.com/archives/2011/03/08/oil-price-shocks-and-the-reces
.
“America’s
Last Nuclear Hope” by William Tucker dated March 2011 published by
The American Spectator at http://spectator.org/archives/2011/03/21/americas-last-nuclear-hope
.
“Department
of Energy Spending cuts: A Guide to Trimming President Obama’s 2012
Budget Request” by Nicolas D. Loris dated April 18, 2011 published by
The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2011/04/Department-of-Energy-Spending-Cuts-A-Guide-to-Trimming-President-Obamas-2012-Budget-Request
.
“American
Energy Freedom: The Basis for Economic Recovery” by Alexandra Liddy Bourne dated May 31, 2011 published by The Heritage
Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2011/05/American-Energy-Freedom-The-Basis-for-Economic-Recovery
.
“The
American Energy Initiative” by Jack Spencer dated June 7, 2011
published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Testimony/2011/06/The-American-Energy-Initiative
.
“Why
Free Market in Energy?” by Institute for Energy Research dated July
9, 2011 published by Canada Free Press at http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/38314
.
“Renewables Surpass
Nuclear Energy: The Rest of the Story” by Institute for Energy
Research dated July 12, 2011 published by Canada Free Press at http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/38419
.
“Federal
Energy-Related Subsidies Have Increased 108 Percent in 3 Years; Wind Subsidies
Increased 10-Fold” by Institute for Energy Research dated August 2,
2011 published by Canada Free Press at http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/39092
.
“Federal
Subsidies to Solar Up 626%, Subsidies to Wind Up
946%” by Andrew Herzog and Michael W. Chapman dated August 17, 2011
published by Cybercast News Service at http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/federal-subsidies-solar-626-subsidies-wi
.
“What
Drives Gas Prices: Cartels, Speculators, or Supply and Demand?” by
Kenneth P. Green dated August 26, 2011 published by American Enterprise Institute
at http://www.aei.org/outlook/101074
.
“End Energy Subsidies, Jumpstart Tax
Reform” by Dan Holler dated October 24, 2011 published by Town Hall at http://townhall.com/columnists/danholler/2011/10/24/end_energy_subsidies,_jumpstart_tax_reform
.
“Renewable
Green Nuclear Energy: Here, Now” by Alan Aszkler
and Stephen Tauriello dated February 15, 2012
published by American Thinker at http://www.americanthinker.com/2012/02/renewable_green_nuclear_energy_here_now.html
.
“The
High Cost of Clean Energy” by Michelle Hirsch dated March 8, 2012
published by The Fiscal Times at http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2012/03/08/Green-and-Wasteful-The-High-Cost-of-CleanEnergy.aspx
.
“Nuclear
Since Fukushima” by William Tucker dated March 2012 published by The
American Spectator at http://spectator.org/archives/2012/03/12/nuclear-since-fukushima
.
“Department of Energy Budget Cuts: Time to End the Hidden Green Stimulus” dated March 23, 2012 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/department-of-energy-budget-cuts-time-to-end-the-hidden-green-stimulus .
“Unconventional
Energy Meets Conventional Politics: Which Will Win?” by Steven Hayward
dated May 16, 2012 published by Real Clear Markets at http://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2012/05/16/unconventional_energy_meets_conventional_politics_which_will_win_99670.html
.
“Legalize
Methanol” by Robert Zubrin dated August 20,
2012 published by National Review Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/314369/legalize-methanol-robert-zubrin
.
“President
Obama’s Taxpayer-Backed Green Energy Failures” by Ashe Schow dated October 18, 2012 published by The Heritage
Foundation at http://blog.heritage.org/2012/10/18/president-obamas-taxpayer-backed-green-energy-failures/
.
“America’s
Most Favored Industry” by Robert Bryce dated December 13, 2012
published by National Review Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/335512/america-s-most-favored-industry-robert-bryce
.
“Yucca
Mountain: A Post-Mortem” by Adam J. White dated Fall
2012 published by The New Atlantis at http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/yucca-mountain-a-post-mortem
.
“Depending
on Energy, Not Energy Independent” by Kenneth P. Green dated December
17, 2012 published by The American at http://www.american.com/archive/2012/december/depending-on-energy-not-energy-independent
.
“All
the Coal, None of the Carbon – Almost” by Bob Beauprez dated February 25, 2013 published by Town Hall at http://finance.townhall.com/columnists/bobbeauprez/2013/02/25/all-the-coal-none-of-the-carbon-almost-n1519548
.
“Pass
the Open Fuel Standard” by Robert Zubrin
dated July 10, 2013 published by National Review Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/article/353030/pass-open-fuel-standard-robert-zubrin
.
“10 Programs to Eliminate in the January 2014
Spending Bill and Save $10.2 Billion” by Romina
Boccia dated January 3, 2014 published by The
Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2014/01/10-programs-to-eliminate-in-the-january-2014-spending-billand-save-102-billion
.
“106 Budget Cuts Congress Could Make Right
Now” by Romina Boccia
dated February 5, 2015 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://dailysignal.com/2015/02/05/106-budget-cuts-congress-make-right-now/?ac=1
.
“11 maps that explain energy in America”
by Brad Plumer dated July 29, 2015 published by Vox at http://www.vox.com/2015/7/29/9066685/coal-oil-solar-maps
.
“Why
Congress Should Pull the Plug on the Strategic Petroleum Reserve” by
Nicolas D. Loris dated August 20, 2015 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2015/08/why-congress-should-pull-the-plug-on-the-strategic-petroleum-reserve
.
“Energy
Policy Agenda for the Next Administration” by Nicholas D. Loris dated
September 10, 2015 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2015/09/energy-policy-agenda-for-the-next-administration-and-congress
.
“History
of Solar Power” by Institute for Energy Research dated February 18,
2016 published by Canada Free Press at http://canadafreepress.com/article/history-of-solar-power
.
“A
Brief History of Federal Energy Regulations” by Peter Van Doren dated March 9, 2016 published by CATO Institute at https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/energy/regulations
.
“Blueprint
for Reform: A Comprehensive Policy Agenda for a New Administration in 2017”
dated October 2016 published by The Heritage Foundation at http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2016/BlueprintforReform.pdf
.
“Privatizing
the Tennessee Valley Authority” by Chris Edwards dated October 14,
2016 published by CATO Institute at https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/privatizing-tennessee-valley-authority
.
“Energy
Subsidies” by Chris Edwards dated December 15, 2016 published by CATO
Institute at https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/energy/energy-subsidies
.
“A
Better Source of Nuclear Power?” by Mac McDowell dated November 27,
2017 published by American Thinker at http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2017/11/a_better_source_of_nuclear_power.html
.